Sub-disciplines of civil engineering

Coastal engineering

Coastal engineering is concerned with managing coastal areas. In some jurisdictions the terms sea defense and coastal protection are used to mean, respectively, defence against flooding and erosion. The term coastal defence is the more traditional term, but coastal management has become more popular as the field has expanded to include techniques that allow erosion to claim land.

Construction engineering

Building construction for several apartment blocks

Construction engineering involves planning and execution of the designs from transportation, site development, hydraulic, environmental, structural and geotechnical engineers. As construction firms tend to have higher business risk than other types of civil engineering firms, many construction engineers tend to take on a role that is more business-like in nature: drafting and reviewing contracts, evaluating logistical operations, and closely-monitoring prices of necessary supplies.

Earthquake engineering

Main article: Earthquake engineering

Earthquake engineering covers ability of various structures to withstand hazardous earthquake exposures at the sites of their particular location.
Earthquake engineering is a sub discipline of the broader category of Structural engineering. The main objectives of earthquake engineering are:

Earthquake-proof  El Castillo, Chichen Itza

• Understand interaction of structures with the shaky ground.

• Foresee the consequences of possible earthquakes.

• Design, construct and maintain structures to perform at earthquake exposure up to the expectations and in compliance with building codes.